Information about the body and its surroundings is provided through the senses. Olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), equilibrium (balance and body posture), vision, and hearing are the five distinctive senses that only humans possess. We also have broad senses, sometimes known as somatosensation, that can react to stimuli including pressure, temperature, pain, and vibration. Somatosensation includes the sense of limb position used to monitor kinesthesia (limb movement), proprioception (the position of bones, joints, and muscles), and vestibular sensory, which is an organism's sense of spatial direction and balance. Although the sensory systems connected to these senses vary greatly, they all have the same purpose: to cause the nervous system to produce an electrical signal in response to a stimulus, such as light, sound, or body position.
<h3>What is Action potential ?</h3>
When a neuron transfers information away from the cell body and down an axon, it experiences an action potential. The action potential is also referred to as a "spike" or a "impulse" by neuroscientists. A depolarizing current causes an explosion of electrical activity known as the action potential.
Different ions crossing the neuron membrane result in action potentials. The sodium channels first open in response to a stimulus. Because the inside of the neuron is negative compared to the outside and there are much more sodium ions on the inside, sodium ions rush within the cell.
Depolarization, overshoot, and repolarization are the three phases of an action potential.
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