Hello!
The first elaborated law code was Roman. The romans build an Empire based on the advances in the legal system. The separation of public and private law, for example, can be seen in the US system. The common law developed by the roman is oficially used by the courts, like we can see by the terms: "<em /><em>habeas corpus, stare decisis</em>".
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Benjamin Franklin was a Federalist because he had a hand in creating the Constitution.
Create secret agencies like the KGB to remove anyone who oppose them.
Without any options to go off of i would say Thomas Jefferson or James Madison
The NAACP challenged segregation by filing lawsuits in several states.