I believe it is scientific laws.
        
             
        
        
        
The temperature is the independent variable. The independent variable is the variable that the researcher can control. And the dependent variable will change because of the change of independent variable. In this question, the student controls the temperature(independent variable) to see wether the gender(dependent variable) will change due to the temperature.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Its A. wrote works praising one of the other philosophers who left no writing