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The overall objective of the Water Bodies of National Importance project is to ensure appropriate recognition and protection of nationally important values in the management of New Zealand's water bodies. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, groundwater aquifers and wetlands. As an initial step, methods were trialled to create separate lists of potential water bodies of national importance for irrigation, energy generation, tourism, recreation, industrial and domestic use, and natural heritage. In addition, a method has been developed to enable identification of potential water bodies of national importance for cultural and historic heritage.
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A large part of South Asia receives rainfall mainly during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season of the year (Jun–Sep). The socioeconomic conditions of most of the developing countries in this region largely depend on the ISM rains. It also played important roles in rise and collapse of ancient civilizations in this region. However, the influence of the ISM on Indian ancient civilizations has not yet been fully explored though there were some attempts to correlate monsoon variation with their rise and fall. For example, in the mid to late Holocene period, Indus Valley or Harappan Civilization flourished in the western part of India from its early development, through its urbanization and eventual transformation into a rural society. Probably a prolonged decrease in the ISM rainfall caused the decline in the urban phase of the Indus Civilization around the 4.2 kyr BP global climate event. Another well-recorded early Holocene global climate event is the 8.2 kyr BP cooling event which also reportedly influenced ISM significantly, but its impact on human settlement is not clear in this region. The present study is a comprehensive review of the archaeological and climatological researches carried out on the role of ISM variability on the rise and fall of ancient Indian civilizations for the most part of the ongoing interglacial period, the Holocene. The review covers the studies on the period of the last 10 kyr as evidence suggests that human settlement and cultural developments in this region started around the beginning of this period. We have noted that the existing studies are mostly restricted to vague qualitative analysis of the weakening/strengthening of the ISM, and researches related to quantitative estimations of changes of the monsoon strengths and durations of drought events that caused collapse of civilizations are limited. Therefore, in the present analysis, emphasis has also been given on the requirement of estimating the absolute changes that might have caused cultural shifts. Some possible ways to quantitatively estimate the changes of some climate parameters are discussed.
The name of the city in Macedonian, Serbian and Bulgarian (all local Slavic tongues) is Kumanovo (Куманово). In Albanian, it is Kumanova or Kumanovë. Kumanovo derives from the name of the Cumans, a western branch of Kipchaks, the tribe that invaded the area in the early 12th century.
Municipality: Kumanovo Municipality
Country: Macedonia
Named for: tribe Kumans
Out of the of the following options available, the sun is the largest, measuring at about 432,170 mi.
