Answer:
c. a proton gradient set up across the thylakoid membrane
Explanation:
During the photosynthesis (this also occurs in cellular respiration in mitochondria), hydrogen ions (H+) move across the thylakoid membrane down their electrochemical gradient (from the area of their higher concentration to the area with hydrogen ions lower concentration). An ion gradient can be used for the production of ATP.
Rossover is the first way that genes are shuffled to give rise to genetic diversity. Crossover takes place in sexual reproduction. Chromosomes line up side by side and break off pieces of themselves, then trade those pieces with each other. When they break at the same place (locus) in the sequence of base pairs, the result is an exchange of genes called genetic recombination. That is the normal way for crossover to occur. Genetic recombination ensures that the daughter cells produced have a different genetic makeup from the parent cell and thus diversity is created.<span>
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A biome is a group of ecosystems which shares the same characteristics. The world is split up into several biomes such as freshwater, marine, desert, forest, grassland, and tundra.
The grassland biomes are the regions which are dominated by grasses, often 3 to 6 feet tall at maturity. They may have an open shrub layer and the climate is temperate or tropical.
Answer:
There are many different types of fermented foods consumed around the world, including:
Kefir.
Sauerkraut.
Tempeh.
Natto.
Cheese.
Kombucha.
Miso.
Kimchi.
Explanation:
Answer:
Carboxylic acid.
Explanation:
Amino acids are made up of the amine group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and R hydrophobic chain. Amino acids are the monomers of the protein and they are coded by the particular codons.
Amino acids contains both the amino group and the carboxyl group. The carboxylic group is a polar group and becomes negative charged when the pH of the solution is greater than the pKa value of the amino acids.
Thus, the answer is carboxylic acid.
