Oncogenes are most like the gas pedal on a car, while tumor suppressor genes are most like the brakes on a car. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are mutated in cancer cells.
Oncogenes are genes overexpressed in cells in which they should not be expressed, thereby leading to cancer.
Some examples of oncogenes are growth factors such as, for example, the Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or Epidermal growth factor (EGF).
Conversely, tumor suppressor genes are genes that act to regulate cell division and replication, thereby their inactivation also leads to cancer.
A well-known example of a tumor suppressor gene is the p53 gene that acts to control cell division and apoptosis (programmed cell death).
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Answer:
In bryophytes, the sporophyte is minute and dependent on the relatively prominent and nutritionally independent gametophyte for resources. The moss gametophyte looks like a miniature herb, with tiny leaf-like photosynthetic organs. The gametophyte generation begins as a dormant spore, which germinates under appropriate conditions to produce filamentous and branching protonemal tissues. These form multicellular bud-like structures, each of which develops into a leafy shoot. The mature gametophytes produce male and female sexual organs, the antheridia and archegonia, respectively. The gametophyte is often sexually distinct, and plants are either male or female.
Each antheridium has an outer layer that encloses and protects thousands of motile sperm, which swim through available external water layer to the egg. Fertilization at the base of the cylindrical archegonium produces a diploid zygote which develops into an unbranched sporophyte. The sporophyte consists of a thin stalk attached to the gametophyte, and a capsule that encloses the sporophytic meiotic cells.
In recent years, the mosses Physcomitrella patens and Funaria hygrometrica have emerged as attractive model systems for studying gene function in non-vascular plants because of the relative ease of molecular manipulation by homologous recombination. Mutants affecting gametophyte development have been isolated and their analysis should provide insights into the molecular basis of gametophyte development in mosses.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is - transformation.
Explanation:
Griffith's experiment was performed by Fredrick Griffith with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus P. are rough non encapsulated streptococci that are converted into smooth encapsulated streptococci bacteria in presence of heat-killed smooth encapsulated bacteria.
This experiment was the first experiment that showed that this bacteria can get DNA by the process of transformation.
He suggested that the nonencapsulated bacteria had been transformed into the encapsulated smooth bacteria strain by the transformation process that was somehow part of the dead encapsulated strain bacteria.
Thus, the correct answer - transformation.
The type of stress that is placed on folds is compression
