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Answer:
The best answer from the choices, to the question: The cause of the hyperventilation is described by which of the following statement:___, would be, B: A decrease in the bicarbonate concentration stimulates ventilation.
Explanation:
The acid-base balance in the human body, is a very restrictive one. Normal ranges in this base are: 7.35 to 7.45. Whenever the values go either below 7.35 or above 7.45, we are talking about a person going into acidosis or alkalosis. Both situations are pretty serious and they have to do with the balance between the amounts of bicarbonate, and CO2 in the form of carbonic acid, in the blood. The normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid, is usually 20:1. Chemoreceptors, especially central ones in the neck, measure constantly that the balance is kept and if this is not the case, then several mechanisms will be put into place to recover it. One such measure is respiratory, and the other is metabolic. In the case of this 17-year-old, he has a pneumonia, which means that from the start, one of his recovery mechanisms is impeded, which is the respiratory mechanism of balance. He is also having metabolic problems with his system of compensation because his body is already producing high levels of H+ ions and not enough bicarbonate. Hyperventilation in this person is attempting to expel as much CO2 as possible, to try and restore the balance. The first thing that is sensed by the receptors is the changing in the 20:1 ratio, the increase in pH due to too much carbonic acid, and thus the body initiates the use of CO2 expulsion by the lungs, while metabolic mechanisms come into play.
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Explanation:
Quickening it is the process of the movement of the fetus , which is felt by the mother . It is observed in the second trimester .
The process of quickening is a natural phenomenon , which occurs in middle of the pregnancy .
The quickening process for a first time pregnant women is felt at around 18 - 20 weeks ,
And , the quickening process for a para woman , i.e. , who has given birth at least once is felt at around 15 - 17 weeks .
Option (b) is correct i.e. pediculosis, contagious disease creates a primary skin lesion that is a pinpointed macule, papule, or wheal with hemorrhagic puncture site.
Most infections of head lice i.e. pediculosis are symptomless. When symptoms are present, there may be irritation, a tickling sensation as though something is moving in the hair, and itching due to an allergic reaction to louse saliva. One potential source of problems is secondary bacterial infection. The pathogens that cause Bartonella quintana, Rickettsia prowazekii, and Borrelia recurrentis body lice are a vector for (louse-borne relapsing fever). The most common way that head lice are transmitted is through contact with an infected person (i.e., head-to-head contact). During play (sports, playgrounds, summer camp, and sleepovers), at home, school, and in the community, there is frequently contact. Less frequently, it is possible for flies to transmit head lice (more common with body lice). Transmission can also occur if you use infected combs, brushes, towels, or if you lie on a bed, couch, pillow, carpet, or stuffed animal that has recently come into contact with an infected person.
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