Answer:
Temperature of air at exit = 24.32 C, After reducing hot air the temperature of the exit air becomes = 20.11 C
Explanation:
ρ = P/R(Ti) where ρ is the density of air at the entry, P is pressure of air at entrance, R is the gas constant, Ti is the temperature at entry
ρ = (2.07 x 10⁵)/(287)(473) = 1.525 kg/m³
Calculate the mass flow rate given by
m (flow rate) = (ρ x u(i) x A(i)) where u(i) is the speed of air, A(i) is the area of the tube (πr²) of the tube
m (flow rate) = 1.525 x (π x 0.0125²) x 6 = 4.491 x 10⁻³ kg/s
The Reynold's Number for the air inside the tube is given by
R(i) = (ρ x u(i) x d)/μ where d is the inner diameter of the tube and μ is the dynamic viscosity of air (found from the table at Temp = 473 K)
R(i) = (1.525) x (6) x 0.025/2.58 x 10⁻⁵ = 8866
Calculate the convection heat transfer Coefficient as
h(i) = (k/d)(R(i)^0.8)(Pr^0.3) where k is the thermal conductivity constant known from table and Pr is the Prandtl's Number which can also be found from the table at Temperature = 473 K
h(i) = (0.0383/0.025) x (8866^0.8) x (0.681^0.3) = 1965.1 W/m². C
The fluid temperature is given by T(f) = (T(i) + T(o))/2 where T(i) is the temperature of entry and T(o) is the temperature of air at exit
T(f) = (200 + 20)/2 = 110 C = 383 K
Now calculate the Reynold's Number and the Convection heat transfer Coefficient for the outside
R(o) = (μ∞ x do)/V(f) where μ∞ is the speed of the air outside, do is the outer diameter of the tube and V(f) is the kinematic viscosity which can be known from the table at temperature = 383 K
R(o) = (12 x 0.0266)/(25.15 x 10⁻⁶) = 12692
h(o) = K(f)/d(o)(0.193 x Ro^0.618)(∛Pr) where K(f) is the Thermal conductivity of air on the outside known from the table along with the Prandtl's Number (Pr) from the table at temperature = 383 K
h(o) = (0.0324/0.0266) x (0.193 x 12692^0.618) x (0.69^1/3) = 71.36 W/m². C
Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient given by
U = 1/{(1/h(i)) + A(i)/(A(o) x h(o))} simplifying the equation we get
U = 1/{(1/h(i) + (πd(i)L)/(πd(o)L) x h(o)} = 1/{(1/h(i) + di/(d(o) x h(o))}
U = 1/{(1/1965.1) + 0.025/(0.0266 x 71.36)} = 73.1 W/m². C
Find out the minimum capacity rate by
C(min) = m (flow rate) x C(a) where C(a) is the specific heat of air known from the table at temperature = 473 K
C(min) = (4.491 x 10⁻³) x (1030) = 4.626 W/ C
hence the Number of Units Transferred may be calculated by
NTU = U x A(i)/C(min) = (73.1 x π x 0.025 x 3)/4.626 = 3.723
Calculate the effectiveness of heat ex-changer using
∈ = 1 - е^(-NTU) = 1 - e^(-3.723) = 0.976
Use the following equation to find the exit temperature of the air
(Ti - Te) = ∈(Ti - To) where Te is the exit temperature
(200 - Te) = (0.976) x (200 - 20)
Te = 24.32 C
The effect of reducing the hot air flow by half, we need to calculate a new value of Number of Units transferred followed by the new Effectiveness of heat ex-changer and finally the exit temperature under these new conditions.
Since the new NTU is half of the previous NTU we can say that
NTU (new) = 2 x NTU = 2 x 3.723 = 7.446
∈(new) = 1 - e^(-7.446) = 0.999
(200 - Te (new)) = (0.999) x (200 - 20)
Te (new) = 20.11 C
