There is a direct relationship between shell color, presence of banding, and habitat because they greatly affect each other in various ways.
<h3>Relationship between shell color, presence of banding, and habitat </h3>
Shell colour shows stronger and more consistent variation with habitat than do banding patterns. Yellow colour shells are present at higher frequencies in open habitats than in woods or closed habitats.
While on the other hand, banding serve as camouflage to protect the organism from bird predators so we can conclude that there is a direct relationship between shell color, presence of banding, and habitat.
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Mercury, Earth, and Mars. Also Venus but that isn't an option.
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Ecology
Ecology studies the life of living things and their environment.
The most logical answer is D, because, we can infer that they belong to the same genus in taxonomy, but they are different species