Answer:
The question that was trying to be answered in this lab was “How does exercise affect a person’s heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level?” Based on this question, the hypothesis that was formed was “If effects of exercise and exercise are related, then exercising will increase heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level”.
Background Information: THIS SHOULD BE PART OF YOUR INTRODUCTION
Before starting the lab report, the important background information that was collected was very helpful while performing the lab. For example, homeostasis is defined according to Dictionary.com as “the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions”. Homeostasis in the body is maintained through three vital organs, as mentioned before, the kidneys, liver, and brain. These regulate the temperature, iron content in our blood, retention, and production of energy and overall blood composition. This was helpful because the whole lab report was based on homeostasis and the effect that it had on exercise. Another piece of information that proved to be very important explained the different types of changes that occur during exercise to help the body adjust to maintain equilibrium. These types of changes are perspiration and blood level.
When researching the typed of mechanisms that are used to maintain a constant body temperature, the information that was found was that “our bodies have nerve cells called thermo receptors that measure temperature of our internal body and external environment” (Godbole). When these nerve cells are stimulated by changes inside our bodies and in the world outside, they send their information to the brain, where it is mostly the job of the medulla oblongata to make changes to keep our internal body temperature constant.
Exercise helps keep you fit and healthy by strengthening your muscles and making your heart beat faster. Your muscles, lungs, and heart all work together to move your body and make sure you are getting enough oxygen. This results in an increase in your breathing rate, or rate of ventilation. Your breathing rate is increased due to the fact that “your muscles are working harder then when they are at rest. This means that they need oxygen, along with sugars to complete cellular respiration.” (Why Does Your…) Your heart rate increases so that it can move the oxygen to the target cell in the muscles you are using quicker.
Materials and Methods:
Materials:
People to exercise
A clock or stop watch
Procedure:
Choose one volunteer to complete jumping jacks at a pace that can be maintained for eight minutes. Make sure the volunteer is inactive for a few minutes before the experiment begins.
Measure the heart rate by taking his or her pulse; you can do this one of two ways:
Radial Pulse
Carotid Pulse
Multiply the number of beats in 15 seconds by 4 to calculate the beats per minute. Record the data in the table below the 0 minutes box.
Measure the person’s perspiration level from 0 to 5: (0 = none; 5 = droplets dripping down the face). Note this observation in the table.
Have the volunteer do jumping jacks for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes, measure the heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level (refer to steps 2 through 5), and record the data. Measure the pulse, breathing and perspiration levels as quickly as you can so that the volunteer can resume exercise. Do not have volunteer wait while you do the calculations and enter the data.
Repeat step 6 three more times (remember, 2 minutes each at a time, totaling 8 minutes) and record your data at each point.
After the final recording of the dependent variables, wait one minute with the volunteer at reset.
Then measure all of the variables again. Record this data under the “9 Time (Min.) Box”.
Data and Observations:
Table 1: Effect of Exercise
Total Time
(Minutes)
Heart Rate
(Beats per Minute)
Breathing Rate
(Breaths per Minute)
Perspiration Level
(Scale of 0 to 5)
0 – Prior to Exercise
84
36
0
2 Minutes
128
52
0
6 Minutes
96
36
1
8 Minutes
120
40
2
9 Minutes
144
44
2
Table 1: shows the heart rate, breathing rate and perspiration level of exercisers over nine minutes
Table 2: Effects of Exercise: Class Averages
Variables Measured
Group
1
Group
2
Group
3
Group
4
Group
5
Averages:
Heart
Rate
Start:
68
104
104
98
84
73
Finish:
38
152
120
120
144
115
Breathing Rate
Start:
Explanation:
