ENSO phenomenon causes significan climate global changes, affecting especially the Southern Hemisphere. In south Asia regions, such as Philippines, the weather becomes cooler, drier than normal.
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The El Nino Southern Oscillation -<em>ENSO</em>- phenomenon produces due to a complex system of climatic oscillations between the ocean and the atmosphere.
This phenomenon causes significant perturbations in the usual pluvial regimens in the tropics. It provokes
- dry seasons in areas where it usually rains
- rainy seasons in desertic regions.
ENSO phenomenon is dominant in the global climate system.
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
⇒ <u><em>Under normal conditions</em></u>
- Pacific warm water and air masses move westward, making it possible for cold water to ascend in South America´s coasts, in a process known as upwelling.
- Upwelling occurs in South America, providing nutrients from the bottom to the animals, especially fishes -which favors fisheries activities-.
- Humidity goes straight to the west precipitating in Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, among other places.
⇒ <u><em>Under El Niño conditions</em></u>
- A tropical and weak stream in the Pacific acquires strength while the opposite streams debilitate.
- This change impedes warm water go eastward, remaining on South America´s coasts.
- <em>Upwelling does not occur on the South America coasts</em>. In some regions, temperatures rise, and unusual precipitations occur in desertic or dry areas -<em>Atacama desert</em>-.
- Other affected areas are <em>Eastsouth Asia, Australia, and New Zealand</em>, where there are fewer precipitations and cooler temperatures. <em>Rainfall drops below the average</em>, affecting crops and livestock.
Among the affected areas in the Eastsouth Asia, we can mension the Philippines. Their economic activities are particularly affected during ENSO events.
NOTHERN HEMISPHERE
ENSO also provokes changes in general extratropical circulation, contributing to some abnormal situations in the northern hemisphere weather during winter, including severe precipitations and cooler temperatures in the southeast USA, north of Mexico, Gulf of Mexico, Strait of Florida, and western Cuba.
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