Answer: Defiance Campaign 1952. The post-1948 period saw the African National Congress (ANC) abandoning its traditional reliance on tactics of moderation such as petitions and deputations. In December 1949, with the support of the ANC Youth League, a new leadership came to power in the ANC. Walter Sisulu was elected secretary-general and a number of Youth .
Explanation:
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Los primeros homínidos abandonaron los árboles y comenzaron a caminar erguidos y sobre sus dos pies hace al menos 3,6 millones de años, tal y como confirmó un estudio difundido el viernes por la revista PLoS ONE. Según científicos de tres universidades estadounidenses, se creía que hasta entonces esos homínidos no eran bípedos y que pasaban la mayor parte de su vida en los árboles. A finales de la década de 1960 un grupo de científicos descubrió en Laetoli, Tanzania, marcas de pisadas de homínidos preservadas en cenizas volcánicas desde hacía unos 3,6 millones de años. Las marcas de esas pisadas habrían sido dejadas por miembros del grupo homínido Australopithecus afarensis. Esa especie incluye a 'Lucy', cuyo esqueleto fosilizado es el más completo de un Australopithecus encontrado hasta ahora.
The cases mentioned are related to:
- The First Amendment (Engel v Vitale, and Tinker v. Des Moines)
- The Fourth Amendment (Mapp v. Ohio)
Mapp v. Ohio (1957): This case is related to the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution because Dollree Mapp was the victim of an illegal police search. They illegally forced the door of her house and entered without her consent.
Additionally, she was detained arbitrarily for having objects considered obscene. This case is related to the Fourth Amendment because this amendment establishes the protection of citizens against arbitrary searches and apprehensions.
On the other hand, Engel v. Vitale: This case is related to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution because it prohibits the creation of any norm that limits or prevents the free practice of freedom.
In this case, the New York State Board of Regents was violating this amendment because they approved a rule to implement prayer in public schools which affected students who did not have religious beliefs or those who did not practice Christianity.
Tinker v. Des Moines: This case is related to the First Amendment because Moines institution violates the First Amendment because some of its students were making use of their right to free expression wanted to show their rejection of the Vietnam War through a bracelet, and the school prohibited it. Based on the foregoing, it can be inferred that the institution violated the First Amendment by prohibiting free expression for students.
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