Economists measure the personal satisfaction derived from consuming goods and services with the concept of UTILITY. Utility refers to the total satisfaction derived from consuming a good or service. The utility of a good or service has direct influence on demand and therefore price of that product.
The existence of pre-tax cost of debt and post-tax cost of debt is due
to the acknoledgement of the tax benefit from issuing debt.There is no
tax benefit from paying divdends,so it makes no sense talking about
pre-tax,post-tax cost of equity for a firm.When you think about cash
flow to equity you can only assume that the taxes owed by the company
have already been paid.Now, the taxation over the income of the
shareholder is a whole different issue that does not take place in this
discussion,since it is not taken in consideration either in cost of
equity or cost of debt.
The answer and explanation to part 1 is given in the attachment.
Note:
Also, The complete part a question is attached.
Answer:
$2.10
Explanation:
The computation of the cost per equivalent unit for direct material is shown below:
= (Direct material cost + Beginning inventory cost) ÷ (equivalent units for the materials)
where,
Equivalent units would be
= Completed and transferred units + beginning work in progress units + additional units
= 25,000 + 110,000 + 30,000
= 165,000 units
And, all the other things would remain the same
= ($253,000 + $93,500) ÷ (165,000 units)
= $2.10
Since all the units are completed with 100% and we consider it same
