This is false; Mainland Southeast Asia is mostly rural (option b). In fact, about twice as many people live in rural areas in Southeast Asia as do in Urban areas.
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The Colosseum in Rome was used as a place for entertainment, and included things like Chariot Racing and Gladiator fighting. In earlier Roman times kids didn't go to school. They learned in the home. They were taught to farm, how to behave in society and to be a warrior by the males in their family. Later, the Romans adopted the Greek teaching method of paying teachers. Poor children could not afford an education. The goal of education in ancient Rome was to be an effective speaker.
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1. The Tanzimat reforms focused heavily on reforming the Ottoman education system. The Islamic Clerics had dominated Ottoman education, but the reforms reduced their influence. The Ottoman government created schools and universities based on the western European model. This was designed to allow the Ottomans have the skills to run the economy and society in a modern way and to develop the technology they needed to develop modern armies and the economy need to sustain such forces. The Tanzimat reforms also provided political changes that were designed to improve the status of the non-Muslim population. They were granted equal status before the law with Muslims, for the first time.
These reforms sought to secure the allegiance of the diverse ethnic and religious groups of the Empire. The reforms also attempted to restrict the power of the Sultan and to ensure the rule of law throughout the land. There were even attempts to start a multi-party system. The Ottomans sought to emulate the more advanced western models to enable their society to modernize. The Ottoman government began to centralize authority into its own hands to ensure that the Tanzimat reforms succeeded despite the opposition of Islamic religious leaders and the majority Muslim population.
2. The modernization process in the Ottoman Empire was a way of ensuring that they did not become the subjects of the western powers. During the nineteenth century, much of the world became subject to the western powers, especially Britain and France. The Tanzimat reforms were only partially successful and did not halt the Ottoman decline.
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