Answer:
a. By Calculating magnetic reversals.
Explanation:
They determine the age of the ocean floor by examining magnetic fields in the planet Earth.
Answer:
1.Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane surrounds the cell to create a barrier between the cytosol and the extracellular matrix. Plasma membranes also enclose lumens of some cellular organelles.
2.Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large network of membranes responsible for the production of proteins, metabolism and transportation of lipids, and detoxification of poisons. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum with separate functions: smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The presence or absence of ribosomes in the ER’s plasma membrane determines whether it is classified as smooth or rough ER.
3.Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus appears as a series of flattened, membranous sacs, or cisternae, that resemble a stack of pancakes just off the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It receives vesicles containing proteins recently produced by the rER. The Golgi apparatus can be compared to a warehouse or post office for newly formed proteins. Here the proteins are further modified, packaged, and sent off to their final destinations in the cell or body.
Answer:
Explanation:
Hardy Weinberg equation is presented below and describes that in a population the frequency of alleles ad genotypes will remain static or the same in the absence of evolutionary disturbances such as mutation, migration ( gene flow), natural selection and with the population large and random mating
p² +2pq + q²
where p represents the frequency of the dominant alleles
q represent the frequency of the recessive alleles
p² represent the frequency of the dominant homozygous genotype
q² represent the frequency of the recessive homozygous genotype
2pq represent the frequency of the heterozygous genotype
q² also represent the frequency of the recessive phenotype
(p² + 2pq) represent the frequency of the dominant phenotype
Answer:
They are bombarded with nuclear missiles.
Explanation:
