Does your question have any options.If it does may you please tell me?
I think that maybe people are saying different answers because there might have been many such laws. I will mention one example: the Diversity Visa Immigration: it means that people from Eastern Europe have a higher change of obtaining a visa due to a smaller population in the US than the western European Countries.
White landowners who could make those African Americans work for them
I can confirm the answer is A. federalism