Defenses against herbivory and adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen are likely to cause human health problems.
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What are defense responses against herbivores?</h3>
The first line of defense in plants is an intact and impenetrable barrier composed of bark and a waxy cuticle. Both protect plants against herbivores.
Other adaptations against herbivores include hard shells, thorns (modified branches), and spines (modified leaves).
They discourage animals by causing physical damage or by inducing rashes and allergic reactions.
Some Acacia tree species have developed mutualistic relationships with ant colonies: they offer the ants shelter in their hollow thorns in exchange for the ants’ defense of the tree’s leaves
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a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene.
The answer is to function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. It is the only place that O2 partakes in the cellular respiration is at the end of the electron transport chain as the final electron acceptor. Oxygen's high affinity for electrons safeguards its success in this role. Its assistances to driving electron transport, forming a proton gradient, and synthesizing ATP are all indirect effects of its role as the terminal electron acceptor.
A mutation in either a hormone or its receptor might affect the physiological system that it normally regulates by either blocking hormone effect or creating a completely different effect.
Hormones can be called chemical messengers which coordinate distinct functions in the body. Many glands, organs and tissues produce and release hormones, many of which constitute the endocrine system.
A hormone will only act on a part of the body if it fits i.e. if the cells in the target tissue have receptors which can receive the message of the hormone. Given that hormones carry instructions in their structure, mutations alter their structures by changing nucleic acid sequences which blocks hormone function.
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Answer:
Change the number of neutrons in an atom and it becomes an isotope, change the number of electrons, it becomes an ion. When you change the number of protons in an atom, you will change the atom from one element to a different element. Sometimes, when you add a proton to an element, the element will become radioactive.
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