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MatroZZZ [7]
2 years ago
12

The formation of dermal bones begins when aggregated mesenchymal cells differentiate and begin producing osteoid. These aggregat

ions where bone formation gets started are known as _____________.
Biology
1 answer:
Sergeeva-Olga [200]2 years ago
7 0
Might be ossification centers
You might be interested in
in experiment 1, which of the following factors was systematically changed so that its effects could be observed? A.light intens
Stels [109]

Explanation:

<u>A.light intensity</u>

<u />

6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide + water + energy= glucose + oxygen

At the compensation point, the rate of CO2 production by respiration matches the rate of CO2 utilization in photosynthesis- there is no net CO2 production . Since photosynthesis is rate limited, the rate of energy intake can be reduced in order to reach the compensation point; lowering the light intensity would slow the rate of photolysis and thus photosynthesis. Similarly, an increase in light intensity

  • increases the rate of photosynthesis- the CO2 level would be reduced as more inorganic CO2 is fixed, together with producing O2 as waste.
  • would increase the temperature of the environment- light energy is converted to heat energy which increases temperature.
  • lead to higher levels of humidity- the heightened temperature increases the rate of evaporation of water from tissues, and thus increases the humidity (water vapor content of the surrounding air)

Further Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.

Occuring in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II.

Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions and produces molecules of the energy storage molecule ATP through an electron transport chain. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside. Later, in dark reactions, NADP and NADPH are used in the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules. These store energy in their bonds, which can be released in respiration in the mitochondria.

Learn more about photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular respiration at brainly.com/question/11203046

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

#LearnWithBrainly

8 0
3 years ago
In about 120 words , write​ an essay about a birthday celebration you enjoyed​.​
kozerog [31]
I would like to talk about a birthday celebration that I attended 2/3 months ago. It was one of my friends' birthday who turned 25 that day. My friend's name is Ryan and his parents wanted to celebrate his birthday just before his departure to United Kingdom. Ryan invited almost all of his close friends and 6-7 of us attended the birthday celebration together. Apart from us, there were as many as 100 other people present on the occasion. I did not know most of them but my guess is that they would be mostly Ryan's relatives, neighbors and his father's colleagues.

The party was celebrated at my friend's house at tohana. We went there together and bought a present for the Ryan. After reaching there, Ryan and his parents warmly welcomed us. Later Ryan introduced us to his relatives and to some of his neighbors. We were astonished when we saw the huge birthday cake. 25 candles of different colors were lit around the cake and the whole house was redecorated for the occasion. Anybody could say that some occasion was going on in this house without knowing anything.

We sang the birthday song when Ryan cut the cake. We congratulated him and wished him a prosperous life ahead. Then we ate cake and had a good feast. The foods were delicious and good. We, friends of our circle, went to visit a nearby place and sang different songs. In the evening we went to Ryan's house again and attended a raffle draw. That was a very exciting part of the birthday celebration. Then after few minutes we left the party and went our homes.
7 0
3 years ago
A scientist is examining a pedigree that includes several generations of an organism with XX/XY chromosome sex determination. Wh
REY [17]

The patter of inheritance would support the hypothesis that the trait being studied is a recessive sex- linked trait found on the X chromosome "The trait is mostly expressed in males who have a maternal grandfather with the trait."

Explanation:

A pedigree chart is a illustration that displays the existence and arrival of phenotypes of a specific genetic factor or organism and its families from one group to the next, most usually individuals, show dogs, and race horses. A pedigree chart displays a family tree, and shows the members of the family who are affected by a genetic trait. This chart shows four generations of a family with four individuals who are affected by a form of colorblindness. Circles represent females and squares represent males.

7 0
3 years ago
which one of these is not a reason that cells require the ability to diffuse materials across their membranes? A. no energy is r
Usimov [2.4K]
To move carrier proteins, am i right?


7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Outline the various levels of immunity regarding specific/non-specific, innate and adaptive.
Kay [80]

Explanation:

We are constantly being exposed to infectious agents and yet, in most cases, we are able to resist these infections. It is our immune system that enables us to resist infections. The immune system is composed of two major subdivisions, the innate or non-specific immune system and the adaptive or specific immune system (Figure 1). The innate immune system is our first line of defense against invading organisms while the adaptive immune system acts as a second line of defense and also affords protection against re-exposure to the same pathogen. Each of the major subdivisions of the immune system has both cellular and humoral components by which they carry out their protective function (Figure 1). In addition, the innate immune system also has anatomical features that function as barriers to infection. Although these two arms of the immune system have distinct functions, there is interplay between these systems (i.e., components of the innate immune system influence the adaptive immune system and vice versa).

Although the innate and adaptive immune systems both function to protect against invading organisms, they differ in a number of ways. The adaptive immune system requires some time to react to an invading organism, whereas the innate immune system includes defenses that, for the most part, are constitutively present and ready to be mobilized upon infection. Second, the adaptive immune system is antigen specific and reacts only with the organism that induced the response. In contrast, the innate system is not antigen specific and reacts equally well to a variety of organisms. Finally, the adaptive immune system demonstrates immunological memory. It “remembers” that it has encountered an invading organism and reacts more rapidly on subsequent exposure to the same organism. In contrast, the innate immune system does not demonstrate immunological memory.

All cells of the immune system have their origin in the bone marrow and they include myeloid (neutrophils, basophils, eosinpophils, macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte and Natural Killer) cells (Figure 2), which differentiate along distinct pathways (Figure 3). The myeloid progenitor (stem) cell in the bone marrow gives rise to erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells whereas the lymphoid progenitor (stem) cell gives rise to the NK, T cells and B cells. For T cell development the precursor T cells must migrate to the thymus where they undergo differentiation into two distinct types of T cells, the CD4+ T helper cell and the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic T cell. Two types of T helper cells are produced in the thymus the TH1 cells, which help the CD8+ pre-cytotoxic cells to differentiate into cytotoxic T cells, and TH2 cells, which help B cells, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.

The main function of the immune system is self/non-self discrimination. This ability to distinguish between self and non-self is necessary to protect the organism from invading pathogens and to eliminate modified or altered cells (e.g. malignant cells). Since pathogens may replicate intracellularly (viruses and some bacteria and parasites) or extracellularly (most bacteria, fungi and parasites), different components of the immune system have evolved to protect against these different types of pathogens. It is important to remember that infection with an organism does not necessarily mean diseases, since the immune system in most cases will be able to eliminate the infection before disease occurs. Disease occurs only when the bolus of infection is high, when the virulence of the invading organism is great or when immunity is compromised. Although the immune system, for the most part, has beneficial effects, there can be detrimental effects as well. During inflammation, which is the response to an invading organism, there may be local discomfort and collateral damage to healthy tissue as a result of the toxic products produced by the immune response. In addition, in some cases the immune response can be directed toward self tissues resulting in autoimmune disease.

7 0
3 years ago
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