The Northern and Southern Hemispheres of Earth experience four seasons during the

Biology

1 answer:

svp [43]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Earth's tilted axis causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the Sun's most direct rays. So, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere. And when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Dinitrophenol increases the permeability of the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons. Assuming that all

Zigmanuir [339]

Answer:

The correct answer is : C .It will decrease ATP production because fewer protons will be able flow down through ATP synthase.

Explanation:

Oxidative Phosphorylation is a process which involves two steps:

Transport of electrons from the reduced compounds like NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and FADH₂ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen) through the electron transport complexes, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to oxygen for the generation of water molecules.
Synthesis of ATP or adenosine triphosphate from ADP or adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme called ATP synthase which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme harnesses energy by carrying protons from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix and in the process produces ATP.

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria, especially involving the inter membrane space, inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix

During the transport of electrons through the protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport chain a proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The proton gradient is such that the concentration of protons is more in the inter-membrane space and less in the matrix of the mitochondria.
This proton gradient provides the energy to the ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP.
Dinitrophenol is responsible for making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons. As a result protons can directly diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix equalising the concentration of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This causes distortion in the proton gradient. Hence, protons are no longer available for the ATP synthase to operate and synthesise ATP.