Hey Thermodynamics is defined as the branch of science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy, such as work. It is frequently summarized as three laws that describe restrictions on how different forms of energy can be interconverted. Chemical thermodynamics is the portion of thermodynamics that pertains to chemical reactions.
Supernovae refer to the last stages in a star's life, when it explodes and disappears completely. After this explosion, there are several things that can happen - a black hole may appear or there may be star dust hovering in the universe. Well, this dust, and other materials that came from the massive star that exploded are used to create new planets. Every planet we know of emerged from the dust and particles in the universe - so this means that the same dust coming from supernovae can form new planets as well.
The impact of human societies greatly <em><u>started following the </u></em><em><u>industrial revolution</u></em><em><u> in the 1800s which increased in further at the half of the 20th Century.</u></em>
The human society through industrial revolution that began after the World War II started having a huge negative impact on the environment and the climate. This gave rise to climate change and other challenges faced in our contemporary world.
Production and use of industrial chemicals boomed. Agricultural and pharmaceutical chemicals are implicated in altering the environment as heavy use and their impacted were recorded at the half of the 20th century.
Pollutants from industries and farms become more pronounced at the period even up till now.
Therefore, the impact of human societies can be said to have greatly increased <em><u>in the </u></em><em><u>post-World War II period</u></em><em><u> in the 1800s as a result of the </u></em><em><u>industrial revolution</u></em><em><u> up to the half of the 20th century.</u></em>
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I don't think the water cycle has a beginning or ending because all the water in the world is always in various stages of the cycle. It's kind of like asking if a circle has a beginning or ending.
At the very least, I can't think of a specific 'beginning' or 'ending', although I suppose there is an argument to be made that percipitation is the ending and evaporation is the beginning.
You are in college and u don't know this