Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
Life styles that would be harmful to the large intestine are dehydration, smoking, alcohol, lack of a fibrous diet, and lack of regular exercise.
Answer:
<em>supports the plant</em>
<em>makes up the majority of a plant</em>
Answer;
= 54840
The code that is reported for the procedure is 54840
Explanation;
-Code 54840 describes the excision of spermatocele, with or without epididymectomy and is the correct code. The epididymectomy codes (58460-58461) are not reported as the procedure is included in 54840. A lesion was not removed from the epididymis, making 54830 incorrect. Look in the CPT® Index for Spermatocele/Excision 54840
