The leader of a caliphate is called the caliph, meaning deputy or representative. All caliphs are believed to be the successor to Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was not a caliph; according to the Quran he was the last and greatest of the prophets. That means no one can replace Muhammad as the messenger of God. So true. I hope this helps
The author wanted to illustrate how scary yellow fever was, he left the city in Knox' hands and had even wrote to him a letter right before he left, on Sept 9 of 1793, telling him to leave if he thought it was necessary.
