Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
6 symbols and 4-symbol code so number of combinations wich doesn't contain the same symbol twice would be:
6•5•4•3 = 360
If code starts with a star followed by triangle that means only one posibility for first two symbols and code doesn't containing the same symbol twice means that left 4 symbols for next two.
So number of combinations of code starting with a star followed by triangle and doesn't containing the same symbol twice will be:
1•1•4•3 = 12
The probability that a randomly chosen code starts with a star followed by triangle and doesn't contain the same symbol twice:

Answer:
36
Step-by-step explanation:
6(2b-4)
Let b = 5
6(2 (5)-4)
Work inside the parentheses out
6(10-4)
6(6)
36
1 and 3 they share a relationship of +2, 3 and 6 share x2, 5 and 8 share +3, 7 and 21 share x3
Answer:
(y-p)/2
Step-by-step explanation:
take p to the left side. + p becomes - p. Now divide the whole thing by 2
Answer:
Sampling bias
Step-by-step explanation:
Bias refers a prominent problem in statistical analysis whereby one or more analytical factor are favored than the other during an analysis which should be made random. The problem. With Graham's dissertation study is the fact that he failed to randomlyvplace his subjects or observation in the study groups, favoring a particular group with non random subset. When randomization is ejected or missing from an analysis or study, it becomes less and less representative. Here, allotting early Arrivals Into the treatment group has introduced a sampling bias as those who came later, this will also leads to less reproducibility of experiment.