Africa is the continent that has the most countries through which the Equator passes. In fact, 7 out of the 13 countries in the world through which the Equator passes are in Africa. From west to east they are in this order, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and Somalia. The Equator is an imaginary line invented by the humans for their own purposes. It basically is the line that separates the Earth into two equal parts horizontally, or rather into Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The Equator has latitude of 0 degrees, and it is the starting point from which the latitude is measured both north and south. This part of Africa is characterized with warm and wet climate, with the temperatures being constant throughout the whole year and have only few degrees of change, resulting in constant summer. The landscape is covered with dense tropical vegetation, and there's enormous amount of species that live in this area.
Answer is Retrograde motion
Most of the time planet moves in expected path near the ecliptic which is east to west. Some times each planet turns around and moves to the east for a period of time, then it turns around to head in west direction again making a loop or zig-zag against the star background. This is called retrograde motion. Thus retrograde motion is the change of direction of the planets in loop.
Anthropogenic changes are alterations that result from human action or presence. ... Increased production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and the resulting alteration of global climate is a good example of anthropogenic change that has been slowly revealed over the past several decades.
The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia.1
Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate.
The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century.2 Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific basis of many instruments flown by NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm in response.
Ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mountain glaciers show that the Earth’s climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient evidence can also be found in tree rings, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. This ancient, or paleoclimate, evidence reveals that current warming is occurring roughly ten times faster than the average rate of ice-age-recovery warming.
