Answer:
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
The migration patterns of a group of people, the way those people affect their land, and the way their land affects those people
I would say the answer is A. D would be incorrect because constructing railroads is all over the country, not just in cities. B and C is wrong because you can't assume with the information given to you.