Answer:
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
This question is describing the processes involved in photosynthesis. In the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis, specifically photosystem II (PSII), water is oxidized in a process called PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER. This process produces electrons and Hydrogen ions (H+). The electrons produced via this process is accepted by NAD+ to yield NADH.
The NADH is an electron carrier produced during the light-dependent stage and used to reduce 3-phsophoglycerate (PGA) produced in the light-independent stage to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
Answer:
362 nucleosomes
Explanation:
A nucleosome repeat is made up of the DNA (146 bp) wrapped around the core nucleosome particle and the linker DNA (110 bp as in this situation). We can conclude that, every repeat stands for 256 (146 + 110) base pairs of DNA.
We are given the length of the entire region to be 92,672 bp long,
To determine the number of nucleosomes to organize the region into the 10nm fiber structure
Let,
Number of nucleosomes =
the length of the entire region
------------------- -----
base pairs of DNA.
= 92,672
-------
256
= 362 nucleosomes
Therefore, 362 nucleosomes is needed to structure the region into the 10nm fiber structure.
Answer:
The correct answer is : C .It will decrease ATP production because fewer protons will be able flow down through ATP synthase.
Explanation:
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is a process which involves two steps:
- Transport of electrons from the reduced compounds like NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and FADH₂ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen) through the electron transport complexes, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to oxygen for the generation of water molecules.
- Synthesis of ATP or adenosine triphosphate from ADP or adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme called ATP synthase which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme harnesses energy by carrying protons from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix and in the process produces ATP.
- Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria, especially involving the inter membrane space, inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix
- During the transport of electrons through the protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport chain a proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- The proton gradient is such that the concentration of protons is more in the inter-membrane space and less in the matrix of the mitochondria.
- This proton gradient provides the energy to the ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP.
- Dinitrophenol is responsible for making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons. As a result protons can directly diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix equalising the concentration of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This causes distortion in the proton gradient. Hence, protons are no longer available for the ATP synthase to operate and synthesise ATP.
WATER
Solids will usually sink when placed in their own liquids with the exception of water
Explanation:
Ice (the solid form of water) floats on water that is cooler than 4 degrees centigrade. This is unlike any other material and this phenomenon has been referred to as the ‘water anomaly’.
Most substances will sink in their own liquid because the solid form is denser than the amount of their own liquid that they displace when immersed. This is because the particles in the solid are closely packed together hence there are more particles per volume than in the liquid form.
Water however, expands at temperatures below 4 degrees and hence ice is less dense than water at 4 degrees and below. The particles in ice are farther apart than particles of water at 4 degrees and below. There is, therefore, more particles per volume in the liquid form of water than in ice – making ice less dense.
Learn More:
For more on 'water anomaly' check out;
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Answer:
e. staphylococcal enterotoxin
Explanation:
Staphylococcal enterotoxin is a toxin that is produced by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is a toxin found inside the gastrointestinal tracts of the human body which is why it is called an enterotoxin and it results in food poisoning when consumed by humans.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin is proteinous in nature and it can be found on dairy products such as milk or cheeses that have been contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus.
After consumption of the contaminated milk or cheeses, the person begins to experience symptoms of nausea, diarrhea as well as vomiting.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin is a very heat stable toxin which means even though you heat up a food contaminated with this toxin, the bacteria may die by the toxins would still remain in the food.
The best way to avoid food poisoning by Staphylococcal enterotoxin is to avoid eating contaminated foods.
