New freedmen were usually poor and less educated
European, African, American
D. <span>Because U.S. citizens have used direct democracy to force the courts to embrace certain interpretations of the Bill of Rights</span>
May 17, 1954
U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.