The promoter of the golden mean (golden ratio) is Dr. George Markowsky. He wrote a article about the "Misconception of the golden ratio.
I think the 1st and 2nd one
Wheat, barley, rice were plants native to the old world.
The answer is: C. Not to try and fix them all, but also not participate in them
Thoreau just want people to know that evil exist and there we might not be able to eliminate them completely. By knowing this, we can always prepare ourselves to take care of evils when we need but not completely lose our mind over it. Simply by choosing not to participate is often enough because the more people do it, the less evil would exist in this world.