It is now believed that the largest contributing factor to the decline of the Indus Valley civilization was an outbreak of disease--since there were no treatments and the density of the civilization led the disease to spread very quickly.
With the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and the end of World War I (WWI) the previous year, Germany was not only held almost entirely responsible for the war, but the country was required to pay reparations for the damages in Europe. The treaty also required that Germany hand over quite a bit of land and territory to surrounding countries. German citizens were angry, became desperate for relief and were disillusioned of the promises that the current government was trying to sell them. An alternative was needed, and it came in the form of fascism.
The Directory was a five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety, until it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire (8–9 November 1799) and replaced by the French Consulate.
Granger laws were declared as an unconstitutional because they tried to have control over the interstate commerce, which was the federal government's responsibility by Gibbons v. Ogden. Granger Laws were laws that were passed in multiple midwestern states in US. These states include Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin.
