The correct answer is B.
A character study is an in-depth analysis of a literary character, in this case Louisa Ellis. There is not much action within the story (thereby canceling out the 3 other options), but we learn about Louisa's everyday lifestyle, down to the last detail.
I think it would be ‘problem and solution’ but i haven’t read the article because it isn’t linked. however ‘problem and solution’ does sound like it would fit best :)
A method that would help <span>you to understand how a President gets elected through the general election process is named as the electoral system. Furthermore, this procedure is used to show the outline of the election process in which it would be followed by methods of electing the president.</span>