This is an example of microevolution.
Microevolution represents a small change in the genetic structure of the population. These changes manifest through the change in the allele frequencies of genes like in the case of dung beetles.
The causes of microevolution are evolutionary mechanisms, natural selection, genetic drift, mutations and gene flow.
I think it is erosion (2) because erosion removes soil, rock, and dissolved material.
I will think it’s B.... hope it helps!
The correct answer would be “All of the Above”