Following the assassination of President James A. Garfield by a disgruntled job seeker, Congress passed the Pendleton Act in January of 1883. The Pendleton Act provided that Federal Government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that Government employees be selected through competitive exams.
<span>Migration
from rural areas to cities in the late 19th century had a few effects
on urban society. Since racism was still prevalent, many businesses were
still segregated and different races received very different treatment.
There were also more jobs in the city, so migration to cities from
rural areas increased and expanded the business market as opposed to the
farming industry. The large increase in city populations, in turn,
created many health issues such as unclean living conditions, prevalent
crime, and greater fire risk.</span>
The government stays out of affairs and lets the market mange itself. In this vien, Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” is the idea that there is an invisible force or hand that drives and manages the economy. People who subscribe to this form of economic thought usually favor small government intervention...they think the market will take care of itself and doesn’t need government subsidies, regulation, etc.
