Answer:
Logos: ..."we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain."
Here Lincoln appeals to his listener's sense of logic: it would not make sense that so many people should have died for no reason. Therefore, it is important that the fight continue.
Pathos: "The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract."
Here Lincoln appeals to his listeners' emotions (hearts), by telling them that the field was consecrated by the blood of the soldiers who fought there.
Ethos: "Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."
Here Lincoln establishes his credibility by demonstrating his great knowledge of American history and the founding documents of this country.
A counterclaim is a reason someone disagrees with a position. Option A is correct.
Counterclaim is denined as a statement that someone makes in response to a statement that has been made by someone else, and that is different from it.
In terms of essays, counterclaims are understood to be the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument that will be develope with examples that support it in order to prove that this point of view or position is correct in opposition to another one.
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