As "nurse" cells for neurons in the brain parenchyma, astrocytes are resident glial cells produced from neuroectoderm.
How astrocytes become pathological?
- Recent research has identified astrocytes as major disease-propagating agents in mutant human superoxide dismutase 1 (mSOD1)-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
- However, due to the widespread expression of mSOD1 throughout the CNS of the investigated rodent models, in vivo examination of a specific astrocytic effect in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has proven challenging.
- In order to understand how mutant astrocytes affect WT MNs and other cell types (microglia and astrocytes) in an in vivo environment, we transplanted SOD1(G93A) glial-restricted precursor cells into the cervical spinal cord of WT rats.
- SOD1(G93A) glial-restricted progenitor cells that were transplanted survived and successfully differentiated into astrocytes.
Learn more about the Astrocytes with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/14747164
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Answer:
C4 plants—including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum—avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation. This step takes place in the mesophyll cells that are located close to the stomata where carbon dioxide and oxygen enter the plant.
Explanation:
They are both part of the water cycle. So your answer is C.
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Answer:
1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. DNA
4. Nuclear membrane
5. Transcription from DNA template
6. mRNA
7. Nuclear pore complex
8. tRNA
9. Amino acid
10. Ribosome
To calculate this we will use the light equation:
λ
We have Frequency
.
We know that speed of light in vacuum is
.
Since a unit of speed of light is m/s, we can change the unit of frequency Hz to 1/s, since Hz means cycles per second (f=1/T).
So:
<span>
</span>
<span>
λ
</span>⇒ λ
⇒ λ
⇒ <span>λ</span>
