To understand how Earth’s subsystems interact and affect one another is the primary goal of Earth system science. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Earth made of, explain?
The composition of the Earth is diverse. The Earth's core, which is primarily composed of nickel and iron, is located close to the planet's center deep within. The rock that makes up the Earth's mantle, which is located above the core, contains minerals such as silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, and oxygen.
Understanding how the Earth is changing and the effects on life on Earth is the goal of Earth System Science, with a focus on enabling prediction and mitigating unfavorable outcomes.
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