The Marbury vs. Madison case resulted in John Marshall (and the other justices) giving the Supreme Court the power of judicial review. Essentially, this gave the Supreme Court the power to rule on the constitutionality (or legality) of laws made by Congress.
This expands the power of the Supreme Court, as they are now able to get rid of federal laws that go against any of the rights discussed in the Bill of Rights. This concept of judicial review still plays a critical role in the Supreme Court today, as they are constantly ruling on different cases that deal with the legality of federal laws.
There are two civilizations that might fit this answer.
The first is Ancient Greece, that is Athens. Athens had a democratic government that resembled a republican one but since they were only a city-state and not a huge republic then historians are wary when they talk about it in terms of republicanism. They did however have a democratic government with an elected senate and suffrage rights.
The second is Ancient Rome. Up until Augustus became the emperor and turned it into the Roman Empire, Rome was a republic. They were a republic in the true sense because they had the senate which would vote for new legislation and this covered the entire Roman republic which was huge, not just the city of Rome.
Yes, that's a true statement.
The war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941.
