One very famous, perhaps the most famous way was through improvised vaccination. Specifically, George Washington ordered his healthy men to be injected with substance taken from the wounds of the sick men during a smallpox infection.
A risk was that those men would get sick just like the the sick men did, but the the potential reward would be that they would get sick in a controlled way and that they would be able to fight this disease.
Utopianism was created by Sir Thomas More. Utopianism is defined as "a community or society possessing highly desirable or near perfect qualities." However, this can be used to describe a society that is aiming for this or fictional societies. The word can be used across many different academic spheres, such as economics, ecology, politics, history, science, technology,religion and feminism.
I think the answer is... C. Your welcome!