Answer:
A junk box in your room contains fourteen old batteries, seven of which are totally dead.
So, number of good batteries = ![14-7=7](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=14-7%3D7)
a) The first two you choose are both good.
There is a 7/14 chance that we will pick a good battery.
Now there are 13 batteries left and out of that there are only 6 good ones remaining, so this becomes 6/13.
So, combined probability is = ![\frac{7}{14}\times \frac{6}{13}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B7%7D%7B14%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B13%7D)
= 0.23
b) At least one of the first three works.
![\frac{7}{14} \times \frac{6}{13} \times \frac{5}{12} =0.096](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B7%7D%7B14%7D%20%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B13%7D%20%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B12%7D%20%3D0.096)
And at least one is good battery, we get : ![1-0.096=0.904](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1-0.096%3D0.904)
c) The first four you pick all work.
There is a probability of 7/14 for the first one to work, 6/13 for the second, 5/12 for the third and 4/11 when the fourth is good, combined we get by multiplying all:
![\frac{7}{14}\times \frac{6}{13}\times \frac{5}{12}\times \frac{4}{11}=0.0344](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B7%7D%7B14%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B13%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B12%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B11%7D%3D0.0344)
d) You have to pick five batteries to find one that works.
This condition means that we pick 4 bad batteries and 1 good battery.
The probability of picking 4 bad batteries is -
![\frac{7}{14}\times \frac{6}{13}\times \frac{5}{12}\times \frac{4}{11}=0.0344](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B7%7D%7B14%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B13%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B12%7D%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B11%7D%3D0.0344)
Since there are 7 good batteries remaining in 10 batteries so we will multiply 7/10 in 0.0344 to know the fifth one that finally works.
This becomes = ![0.0344\times0.7=0.024](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=0.0344%5Ctimes0.7%3D0.024)