Answer:
gravel, rocks with cracks, loosely packed soil
Explanation:
all tree has room for water to flow through
Answer:
Theophrastus is known as the 'father of botany'.
Explanation:
Answer:
In addition to biology, evidence drawn from many different disciplines, including chemistry, geology, and mathematics, supports models of the origin of life on Earth. In order to determine when the first forms of life likely formed, the rate of radioactive decay can be used to determine the age of the oldest rocks (see optional problems C and D, below) exposed on Earth’s surface. These are found to be approximately 3.5 billion years old. The age of rocks can be correlated to fossils of the earliest forms of life. A. The graph compares times of divergence from the last common ancestor based on the fossil record with a "molecular time" constructed by comparing sequences of conserved proteins to determine a mutation rate (after Hedges and Kumar, Trends in Genetics, 2003). Explain how such a molecular clock could be refined to infer time or the evolution of prokaryotes. B. Using a molecular clock constructed from 32 conserved proteins, Hedges and colleagues (Battistuzzi et al., BMC Evol. Biol. 2004) estimated the times during which key biological processes evolved. A diagram based on their work is shown. Connect the time of the origin of life inferred from this diagram with the age of the oldest fossil stromatolites and the age of the oldest exposed rock to show how evidence from different scientific disciplines provides support for the concept of evolution. Evaluate the legitimacy of claims drawn from these different disciplines (biology, geology, and mathematics) regarding the origin of life on Earth. The oldest known rocks are exposed at three locations: Greenland, Australia, and Swaziland. The following application of mathematical methods provides essential evidence of the minimum age of Earth.
Explanation:
The subcellular structures of neuron that forms the basis for transmission of nerve impulses are the synaptic vesicles.
What are the steps in impulse transmission between neurons?
- The action potential or nerve impulse reaches the <u>axon</u> of neuron and depolarises the membrane.
- Voltage gated Calcium channels open .
- Arrival of action potential causes the synaptic vesicle to attach to presynaptic membrane.
- Calcium influx triggers release of neurotransmitter.
- This neurotransmitters bind to postsynaptic membrane and new impulses are created.
Synaptic vesicle under resting condition:
- The neurotransmitter molecules are stored in synaptic vesicles.
- If the neurotransmitter leak from the vesicles, they are destroyed by enzymes.
- During resting condition, they are placed randomly.
- When an impulse reaches the axon, vesicles are arranged in the presynaptic membrane.
Thus from the above we can conclude that, synaptic vesicles are the subcellular structures in transmission of nerve impulses and , under resting condition they are placed randomly.
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Antarctic fish. To stop their blood from freezing, some fish that live in the arctic and Antarctic have special Antifreeze proteins. Antifreeze proteins are very clever, as they slow down the formation of bonds between water molecules, which prevents the formation of ice crystals in the fish's blood.