Answer:
Marigold Batteries
A Division of Enterprise Corporation
1) Income Statement, absorption costing:
60,000 Units 90,000 Units
Sales revenue $1,980,000 $2,970,000
Manufacturing costs:
Variable manufacturing costs 780,000 1,170,000
Fixed manufacturing costs 540,000 540,000
Total manufacturing costs $1,320,000 $1,710,000
Gross profit $660,000 $1,260,000
Expenses:
Variable selling and admin 300,000 450,000
Fixed selling and admin 50,000 50,000
Total expenses $350,000 $500,000
Net income $310,000 $760,000
2) Income Statement, variable costing:
60,000 Units 90,000 Units
Sales revenue $1,980,000 $2,970,000
Variable costs:
Variable manufacturing costs 780,000 1,170,000
Variable selling and admin 300,000 450,000
Total variable costs $1,080,000 $1,620,000
Contribution margin $900,000 $1,350,000
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing costs 540,000 540,000
Fixed selling and admin 50,000 50,000
Total fixed costs $590,000 $590,000
Net income $310,000 $760,000
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Selling price per unit = $32
Expected unit sales 60,000 90,000
Production units 60,000 90,000
Beginning inventory = 0
Selling price per unit = $33
Variable manufacturing costs = $13 per unit
Fixed manufacturing costs = $540,000
Variable selling and administrative expenses = $5
Fixed selling and administrative expenses = $50,000
b) The key difference lies with the treatment of fixed and variable costs. With absorption costing, the fixed manufacturing costs are included in the costs of products. With variable costing, they are treated as period costs or expenses. Also, with variable costing, variable selling and administrative costs are included in the variable costs of the products. The variable costing method calculates the contribution margin before deducting the fixed expenses to arrive at the net income. On the other hand, the absorption costing method calculates the gross profit instead of the contribution margin.
