<span>Assuming that this is referring to the same list of options that was posted before with this question, <span>the correct response would be "the Enlightenment philosopher John Locke," since he was very much a proponent of popular sovereignty and the social contract. </span></span>
With regard to the the text "The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century" the historical development that contributed most directly to the Market Revolution is the emergence and or increase in new forms of transportation.
It is to be noted that the options referenced are unavailable hence the general answer.
<h3>What is the explanation of the above concept?</h3>
A market revolution was revolutionizing American industry and worldwide trade in the 1820s and 1830s. Independent craftspeople were progressively supplanted by factories and mass manufacturing.
Farms flourished and produced items for distant markets rather than local consumers, exporting them via cheap transportation such as the Erie Canal.
The market revolution spurred tremendous economic expansion and increased personal riches, but it also created a rising lower class of property-less laborers and a series of severe depressions known as "panics," trapping many Americans in never-ending cycles of poverty.
<h3>Who benefited the most from the market revolution?</h3>
Most American farmers' living circumstances improved as a result of the market revolution. For example, a mattress that cost $50 in 1815 (when nearly no one possessed one) cost $5 in 1848. (and everyone slept better).
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The system of checks and balances refers to the ability of each branch of government to prevent another branch from becoming too powerful. This happens within the separation of powers outlined in the United States Constitution.
The "separation of powers" principle was an idea embedded into the plans for American government by our founding fathers, based on their reading of Enlightenment political theory. The terminology "separation of powers" was introduced by a French philosopher, Montesquieu, in <em>The Spirit of the Laws</em> (1748). Within his treatment of how governments will function best, Montesquieu argued that executive, legislative, and judicial functions of government ought to be divided between parts of the government, so that no one person or division of the government can infringe on the overall rights of others in the government or of the members of the society overall. The framers of the United States Constitution embedded the separation of powers into the plan for US government.
As noted by The History Channel, "In addition to this separation of powers, the framers built a system of checks and balances designed to guard against tyranny by ensuring that no branch would grab too much power."
Some examples of the checks and balances used would be:
- Congress (the Legislative Branch) controls the government's budget, so the Executive Branch needs Congress's support to fund any of its desired initiatives.
- The President nominates federal officials, but those nominations must be confirmed by the Senate.
- The President has the ability to veto laws passed by Congress, requiring a two-thirds majority to override his veto.
- The Supreme Court and other federal courts (the Judicial Branch of government) can rule that laws passed by Congress or executive orders by the President are unconstitutional, blocking their implementation.
