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In 1776, the Founders of the United States met in Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence that dissolved the political ties that united the American people with Britain. Thus was born a new, free and independent nation, the United States of America. Eleven years later, in 1787, after the victory of the American patriots on the battlefield, and having won our independence, many of the men who had met before in Philadelphia met again, together with others, to establish the structure of government of the new nation: the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, after the plan had been ratified, he had the new government. Together, the Declaration and the Constitution are the founding documents of the United States.
With the amendments that have been made over the years, the Constitution is the supreme law of the country, the fundamental law of the nation. But the general language of the Constitution is illuminated by the principles established in the Declaration. Therefore, to better understand and evaluate the form of government we have, it is important to first see the Declaration where the Founders delineated their moral vision and the government it implied.
Immigrants can enrich a nation. But there is a difference between immigrants and colonists. The former are eager to learn<span> the ways of their adopted home, to integrate and perhaps assimilate — which does not require relinquishing their heritage or forgetting their roots. Colonists, by contrast, bring their culture with them and live under their own laws. Their loyalties lie elsewhere.</span>
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it persuaded many Americans to take up arms and support or join the war for independence.
Profession of Faith (shahada). The belief that "There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" is central to Islam. This phrase, written in Arabic, is often prominently featured in architecture and a range of objects, including the Qur'an, Islam's holy book of divine revelations. One becomes a Muslim by reciting this phrase with conviction.
Prayer (salat). Muslims pray facing Mecca five times a day: at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and after dark. Prayer includes a recitation of the opening chapter (sura) of the Qur'an, and is sometimes performed on a small rug or mat used expressly for this purpose (see image 24). Muslims can pray individually at any location (fig. 1) or together in a mosque, where a leader in prayer (imam) guides the congregation. Men gather in the mosque for the noonday prayer on Friday; women are welcome but not obliged to participate. After the prayer, a sermon focuses on a passage from the Qur'an, followed by prayers by the imam and a discussion of a particular religious topic.
Alms (zakat). In accordance with Islamic law, Muslims donate a fixed portion of their income to community members in need. Many rulers and wealthy Muslims build mosques, drinking fountains, hospitals, schools, and other institutions both as a religious duty and to secure the blessings associated with charity.
Fasting (sawm). During the daylight hours of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to abstain from food and drink. Through this temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness of and gratitude for everything God has provided in their lives—including the Qur'an, which was first revealed during this month. During Ramadan they share the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of the religious duty to help those less fortunate.
