Question

What effect did Byzantine rule over Constantinople as well as the Islamic defeat by Charles Martel in 732 C.E. have on the spread of Islam?

Answer 1

The Byzantine was the Eastern Roman Empire which was known majorly as the Byzantine or Byzantium Empire, the emperor of Byzantine was the patriarch of Constantinople and the head head both church and the state. The effect that the Islamic defeat by Charles Martel on the Byzantine is that it weakened the Islamic armies and ended Islamic expansion forever. 

Answer 2

The effect that Byzantine rule over Constantinople as well as the Islamic defeat by Charles Martel in 732 C.E. had on the spread of Islam was that it prevented Islam from expanding into Western Europe.

The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Its capital city was Constantinople.