The 31 spinal nerve pairs are organized geographically by spinal region. There are eight pairs of cervical nerves (C1-C8), twelve pairs of thoracic nerves (T1-T12), five pairs of lumbar nerves (L1-L5), five pairs of sacral (S1-S5), and one pair of coccygeal nerves.
<h3>What number of nerves make up a pair?</h3>
The cranial nerves, a collection of 12 paired nerves, are located at the back of your brain. Your cranial nerves transmit electrical signals to your brain, face, neck, and body.
<h3>What are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves used for?</h3>
The peripheral nervous system, which consists of 12 cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves, transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body to control bodily activities.
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Explanation:
A)Image A represents a peptide hormone that interacts with a receptor, and image B represents a steroid hormone that interacts with the cell’s DNA
The endocrine system involves chemical signalling via the secretion of molecules called hormones into extracellular fluid.
- Steroid hormones are lipophilic, and readily diffuse across cell membranes. They bind to receptors in the interior of the cell to form a complex which regulates gene expression.
- Peptide hormones however,are hydrophilic, and thus cannot readily diffuse across the membrane. They remain outside the cell, binding to receptors which then activate secondary messenger signalling and a subsequent cellular response.
Further Explanation:
Hormones bind to chemical receptors in order to cause specific changes in target cells, these lead to changes in the body's internal environment called homeostasis. It includes the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal and adrenal glands along with other regions.
The bone, adipose tissue, heart, pancreas and liver are a few of the regions of the body which show endocrine function. The brain, or control center functions to receive and process the information from the receptor. Effectors receive the control center's command and elicits a response in the form of a feedback loop, that may oppose or enhance the stimulus.
Cells in a multicellular organism become specialized for particular tasks and communicate with one another in order to maintain homeostasis. Within the human body these are known as hormone cascades, where several complex steps occur- the tissues signal to one another with the use of hormones released by the endocrine system. The regulation (increase and decrease) of these secretions is achieved by negative feedback loops, where the release of certain substances during a cascade in turn halts the secretion of hormones at earlier stages.
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Answer:
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