When it comes to population evolution and genetics, we cannot fail to cite the Hardy-Weinberg principle which emphasizes that if evolutionary factors such as natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic oscillation do not act on a particular population, the frequencies genotypic proportions will remain constant.
The five requirements for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
- Large-scale breeding population: For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, it is important that this population is large, as small populations favor genetic drift (unanticipated fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to another).
- Random mating: In order for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to occur, it is necessary that the mating occur at random, with no preference for certain groups within the population. In this case, we say that the population is in panmixia, that is, they all mate at random.
- No mutations: Mutations alter the total alleles present in a population (gene pool). Therefore, in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium population, no mutations should occur.
- No gene flow: When there is gene flow due to migration or immigration of individuals, some genes may be included or excluded from the population. Thus, in an equilibrium situation, no gene flow occurs.
- Lack of natural selection: For a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, natural selection must not be acting on it. If natural selection acts, some genotypes will be selected, modifying the allelic frequencies of the population.
Answer:
1.
Pollination can be accomplished by cross-pollination or by self-pollination: Cross-pollination, also called allogamy, occurs when pollen is delivered from the stamen of one flower to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species.
2. A typical flower has four main parts—or whorls—known as the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium (Figure 1). The outermost whorl of the flower has green, leafy structures known as sepals. The sepals, collectively called the calyx, help to protect the unopened bud.
Explanation:
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Answer:
150 AA, 300 Aa and 150 aa
Explanation:
<u>The expected phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 means that we expect:</u>
- 1/4 of the offspring to be AA
- 2/4 of the offspring to be Aa
- 1/4 of the offspring to be aa
<u>If the total number of offspring was 600, then the E values would be:</u>
False. A reduction in lot sizes does not enhance the amount of variation that can build up between any two supply chain stages, hence enhancing the bullwhip effect.
According to the bullwhip effect, which is a characteristic of the suppliers chain, modest changes in demand at the retail level can lead to steadily increasing changes at the wholesale, distributor, manufacturer, and raw material supplier levels. The physics of cracking a whip are referenced in the effect's name. The comparatively tiny movement of the whip's wave patterns increasing in size as a result of the person holding it snapping their wrist. In supply chain management, salespeople, manufacturers, suppliers, and customers all have a partial understanding of demand and limited direct control over it.
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