During glacial maxima, Australia, new guinea, and Tasmania were a single land mass called Sahul.
- The single Pleistocene continent known as Sahul united Australia with New Guinea and Tasmania. Rising sea levels gave rise to the distinct landmasses that we can now recognize, even though the sea level at the time was up to 150 meters (490 feet) lower than it is now.
- Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania, and Seram were all parts of the ancient continent Sahul.
- Since the Last Glacial Maximum, sea levels have risen. Around 18,000 years ago, Sahul began to be partially submerged. Sea levels kept rising until roughly 5000 BCE.
- After leaving Africa, early human migrations began in Sahul and Sunda. According to recent study, hundreds of individuals traveled in groups on bamboo rafts and eventually settled on Sahul.
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Answer:
b) Channel pumps
Explanation:
The channels are the transmembrane proteins that serve in the passive transport of substances down the concentration gradient. The channels can be gated or non-gated. The gated channels are opened and closed in response to certain stimuli such as electrical change.
For example, aquaporins are the gated water channels that transport the water across the plasma membrane. The process is driven by the osmotic gradient and does not use the energy of ATP.
The transition directly from a solid to a gas
A phylogeny of the same taxa based only on morphological traits:
Some highly conserved genetic sequences can result in unrelated species appearing closely related in a molecular phylogeny, and not reflect the same pattern as the morphologic phylogeny.
Gene sequence changes may not result in morphological changes.
Gene sequences always provide more data than morphological traits.
Morphological analyses always provide more data because each morphological trait is the result of the expression of many genes.
The molecular data may be based on the analysis of introns, which aren't expressed and don't contribute to the evolutionary history of a group of taxa.
Why is molecular data more accurate?
Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from molecular sequences are often considered more reliable than those reconstructed from morphological characters, in part because convergent evolution, which confounds phylogenetic reconstruction, is believed to be rarer for molecular sequences than for morphologies
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