Answer and Explanation:
Yes, a single molecule can work through all three effector route. Cells commonly lead independent lives, and they might influence and communicate with other cells for sexual mating. For example, yeast cells communicate with one another for mating. On the other hand, animal cells communicate by different kinds of signal molecules. These molecules include amino acids, nucleotides, proteins, small peptides, retinoid, and derivatives of fatty acids and also includes dissolved gases such as carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. In the extracellular spaces, most signal molecules are secreted by the signaling cells. Some signal molecules are exposed to the extracellular spaces, while others are released by diffusion. Target cells respond by a specific protein called receptors. Receptors bind the signal molecules and start response in the target cell. On the surface of target cells, receptors are transmembrane proteins. When receptors bind extracellular signal molecules, they stimulated and produced a flow of intracellular signals that initiate the cells' behavior.
Question 1 is C. and Question 2 is B. (hope this helped)
DNA plays a major role in heredity, composing the genes that are passed down from parent to offspring. It also plays a major role in the everyday workings of your cells. It does this by creating molecules, such as enzymes, that regulate cell functions. These enzymes belong to a larger class of molecules known as Proteins.
- DNA is important in terms of heredity. It packs in all the genetic information and passes it on to the next generation. The basis for this lies in the fact that DNA makes genes and genes make chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes – a total of 46 chromosomes.
- Information that is stored in DNA molecules is used to manufacture proteins through the process of transcription and translation.
- During transcription, DNA molecules are used to generate mRNA (messenger RNA), which then undergoes translation in the cytoplasm to generate proteins. These proteins include enzymes that control or regulate and catalyze different biological reactions in the body.
- Additionally, one of the characteristic of protein is being protein in nature which means like proteins they are produced through translation in the ribosomes.
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