Answer: adaptive immune response
Explanation:
Autoimmune disorders are caused by different microoorganism and drug which manipulates the immune system in a way that immune system become unable to recognise between self antigen and foreign antigen. In that case immune system treats foreign antigen as self antigen which cause systemic or organ specific damage.
The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown and hence it is thought that it is caused by adaptive immune response which builds against self antigens and causes damage to the cells.
Hence, some autoimmune disorders are thought to be caused by adaptive immune response.
The answer is; D
It reduces the diversity of the population because some variations in the population can be completely eliminated by the bottleneck effect. Even if the population recovers in population size, the genetic variation will have reduced as compared to the initial population before the bottleneck. For a mall population, this effect can be grave because the reduced genetic variation may mean that the population may be unable to adapt to new selection pressures hence may go extinct.
Answer:
a. Determine the allele frequencies of:
- f(T) = 0.485 ≅ 0.48
-
f(t) = 0.515 ≅ 0.52
b. Determine the genotype frequencies of the exposed generation
-
F (TT) = 0.21
- F (Tt) = 0.55
- F (tt) = 0.24
the genotype frequencies of the next generation
-
F(TT) = 0.23
- F(Tt) = 0.5
- F(tt) = 0.27
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete answer and explanation in the attached files
Answer:
t = ln (N/N°)/(-0.0239)
Explanation :
The decay law is represented as
N = N°e^-kt
Where N is the final number of atom,
N° is the initial number of atoms
k is the decay constant
t is the half-life.
From the above we have,
N/N° = e^-kt
take ln of both sides
ln (N/N°) = -kt
t = ln(N/N°)/-k
At half life, N/N° = 1/2
Therefore, t = (ln 1/2)/-k
t = -0.693/-k
But t = 29 sec
29 = -0.693/-k
k = 0.0239 s^-1
Therefore,
The formula will be
t = ln (N/N°)/(-0.0239)
Answer:
Allele frequency
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