The Industrial Revolution, which was the transition from hand production methods to machines occurred in Europe and the US between 1820 and 1840, brought as result the use new chemical and iron production processes, the use of steam power, the development of machine tools as well as the rise of the factory system.
The effects of this Industrial Revolution were notable in Northwest of America, specifically in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia, where such industrial development transformed them into industrial cities and growing commercial centers.
<em>Some of the features which showed that such Northwest cities were becoming an urban society were the dense network of railroads, canals present in them as well as the telegraph network which linked the nation economically.
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Governments suffered a fiscal toll given that they were forced to pay for food and shelter for poor refugees in their countries. The resulting crisis had profound consequence on government’s economies and social system given that they also affected the citizens
Technically, it is true that the national government can try to compel states to obey national laws using fiscal federalism, even in areas where the national government has no <span>authority over the states, since states receive a great deal of funding from the federal government. </span>
