According to Pope Urban II, the best way to get people to unite is to give them a common enemy.
Pope Urban II pitched the Crusades as a religious duty with a side of fighting.
The Black Death was most likely spread through Western Europe by rats and their fleas.
The Black Death was the second major epidemic of its time. The first known epidemic of of the disease that also caused "The Black Death" was The Plague of Justinian.
I personally on a scale of one to ten, would say a 5. I don’t trust mainstream news media that much, because it tends to be biased, especially in politics. I would more likely look at the website in more detail such as; who is the author? What date was it published? Is it biased? Etc.
Hope this helped :)
Systems of checks and balances?
Answer:
Imperial expansion in Europe and Asia resulted from the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires. Most of the groups that were conquered were weak or disorganized. These land based empires included the Manchu in Central East Asia, the Mughal in South and Central Asia, the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The rulers centralized their power over politics, religion and the military. They also controlled trade, enriching the rulers, who created cultural monuments and stronger militaries.
A,B,C. If this is incorrect then my bad.